Mass Transfer

• Addition or Removal of Reactants

• Concentration or Dilution

• Solvent Evaporation or Addition (Pressure Induced)

• Gas Vapor Deposition

• Passive Ambient species Addition or Removal

• Mixing – Interfacial Contact Generation and Promotion

• Precipitation and Crystallization

• Phase Conversion

Heat Transfer

• Mechanical Agitation and Mixing

• Ambient Heat Loss and Gain

• Direct Heat Application or Removal

• Catalytic Reaction Heat

• Heats of Reaction

Directly Measured and Recorded Variables Using Sensors

• Pressure

• Temperature

• pH

• Concentration

• Flow Rate

• Viscosity

• Colorimetry